PloS one
Depressive symptoms are associated with the incidence of frailty in older adults with cardiometabolic diseases: Interaction between depression and diabetes
By Kobayashi F, Tamura Y, Murao Y and 10 others.
Abstract
Background
Older adults with diabetes are prone to frailty and increased mortality.
Aim
In this longitudinal study, we examined the association between depressive symptoms and the incidence of frailty in older people with cardiometabolic diseases. We also investigated whether comorbidities modified the association between depressive symptoms and incident frailty in this patient population.
Methods
We analyzed longitudinal data from 431 outpatients aged 65 years or older with cardiometabolic diseases who visited a frailty clinic from 2015 to 2023. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)-15. The outcome during follow-up (median, 2.9 years) was incident frailty, as defined by the modified Cardiovascular Health Study (mCHS) criteria or the Kihon Checklist (KCL). Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident frailty were estimated using multivariable Cox regression models.