Effect of Physiotherapy Intervention on Functional Outcomes in a Patient with Neuromyelitis Optica: A Case Report

Introduction

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO), now included within neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system that may cause severe motor, sensory and autonomic dysfunction. Physiotherapy plays an important role in maintaining mobility, preventing secondary complications and improving functional independence. Case Report: A 41-year-old female diagnosed with neuromyelitis optica with gastrocolitis presented with approximately one month of bilateral lower-limb weakness and difficulty standing, associated with burning and difficulty during micturition and reduced bowel and bladder control. Examination revealed severe bilateral lower-limb weakness, impaired lower-limb coordination, altered standing balance and reduced trunk strength. Serum NMO antibody was positive. The Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) were used as outcome measures.