Evaluation of Patient Information Provided by Artificial Intelligence Chatbots on Intravesical BCG Therapy for Bladder Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Methodological Study

Objective

Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots are increasingly used as accessible sources of medical information. However, concerns remain regarding the quality, reliability, readability, and clinical applicability of AI-generated health content. Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy is a standard adjuvant treatment for intermediate- and high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and requires adequate patient understanding of treatment procedures and potential adverse effects. This study aimed to evaluate the quality, reliability, readability, and guideline adherence of information provided by commonly used AI chatbots regarding intravesical BCG therapy.