Nutrients
Dietary and Circulating Advanced Glycation End Products in Relation to Inflammation and Cognitive Function in Healthy Young Adults
By Aydin Cil M, Karatas N, Ozgeris FB and 3 others.
Abstract
Background
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) may link diet, systemic inflammation, and cognitive function; however, evidence in healthy young adults is limited.
Objective
This study aimed to examine the associations of dietary AGE (dAGE) intake, circulating AGE-RAGE biomarkers, inflammation, and oxidant-antioxidant markers with cognitive performance.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included healthy young adults aged 19-26 years. dAGE intake was estimated using a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and a three-day food record (3D-FR). Serum AGEs (sAGEs), soluble RAGE (sRAGE), interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), malondialdehyde, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione were measured. Cognitive performance was assessed using Digit Span Forward, Backward, and Total scores and Stroop Interference. Separate multivariable linear regression models were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and Beck Depression Inventory-II scores, with Benjamini-Hochberg false-discovery-rate correction. Covariate-adjusted partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) examined the prespecified sAGE-sRAGE-inflammation pathways.