Journal of family & reproductive health
Liquid Biopsy as a Screening Tool in Recurrent Implantation Failure During IVF: A Narrative Review
By Saeedinia R, Hemmat A and Heidary Z.
Abstract
Objective
Recurrent implantation failure (RIF) remains a multifaceted challenge in assisted reproductive technology (ART), affecting a subset of in vitro fertilization (IVF) patients despite transfer of high-quality embryos. Conventional diagnostics often require invasive procedures that may disturb endometrial receptivity. This narrative review critically synthesizes the evidence on liquid-biopsy strategies for RIF screening, emphasizing biofluids such as uterine fluid (UF), spent embryo culture medium (SCM), peripheral blood, cervicovaginal fluid (CVF), and seminal plasma.
Materials and methods
Literature searches covered PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science through August 2025, with inclusion of pivotal pre-2022 studies. Eligible works included observational studies, clinical trials, multi-omics analyses, and systematic reviews reporting molecular biomarkers relevant to endometrial receptivity or embryo competence.