Risk management and healthcare policy
Chronic Kidney Disease Burden Attributable to Metabolic Risks Among Women Aged ≥55 Years Worldwide, 1990-2021: A Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 Analysis
By Li J and Lan Y.
Abstract
Background
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) attributable to metabolic risks imposes a growing burden among older women, but comprehensive global assessments specifically focused on women aged ≥55 years remain limited.
Methods
Using Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 data, we assessed deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and age-standardized rates of CKD attributable to metabolic risks among women aged ≥55 years in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. We evaluated temporal and geographic patterns, compared burden across five sociodemographic index (SDI) groups, assessed SDI-related inequalities, and projected burden to 2040. For risk-specific analyses, the contributions of high fasting plasma glucose, high systolic blood pressure, and high body-mass index were compared.