Dermatite atópica: Revisão de literatura

It is important to note that atopic dermatitis is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory skin disease characterized by pruritus, xerosis, and eczematous lesions, with presentations varying according to age, disease activity, and skin phototype. Its pathophysiology stems from the interplay between skin barrier dysfunction, immunological alterations, genetic factors, the microbiome, and environmental exposures. Beyond dermatological manifestations, the disease can impair sleep, mental health, social relationships, and the quality of life of patients and their families. Diagnostic assessment is primarily clinical, based on patient history, lesion distribution, pruritus, a chronic or recurrent course, and the exclusion of differential diagnoses. Management includes patient education, regular moisturization, avoidance of irritants, and topical anti-inflammatory treatment tailored to disease severity and location. In moderate-to-severe, refractory, or functionally debilitating cases, phototherapy and systemic therapies—including immunomodulators, biologics, and JAK inhibitors—may be considered, depending on clinical indications, availability, and specialist assessment.