Menilai Luaran Bayi Baru Lahir pada Kehamilan Lewat Bulan (Post-Term Pregnancy)

Kehamilan lewat bulan (post-term pregnancy) berhubungan erat dengan peningkatan morbiditas dan mortalitas perinatal. Penelitian deskriptif ini bertujuan untuk menilai luaran neonatus yang dilahirkan dari ibu dengan usia kehamilan melewati batas waktu (>40 minggu). Penelitian dilaksanakan di Departemen Obstetri dan Ginekologi Rumah Sakit Pendidikan Islam Shahida, Lodhran, selama periode September 2020 hingga Februari 2021. Sebanyak 100 pasien dengan usia kehamilan >40 minggu yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dianalisis. Pasien dengan komplikasi medis sistemik, komplikasi kehamilan primer, atau kematian janin intrauterin dieksklusi. Data dianalisis menggunakan SPSS versi 20.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas pasien berusia 20–25 tahun (39%) dan berstatus multigravida (60%). Angka persalinan sesar darurat sangat tinggi, yaitu mencapai 65%. Sebanyak 64% bayi memerlukan perawatan intensif di Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Komplikasi neonatal yang paling dominan adalah Sindrom Aspirasi Mekonium (SAM) sebesar 67%, diikuti oleh asfiksia (55%) dan sindrom gangguan pernapasan/RDS (49%). Tidak ditemukan kematian janin intrauterin pada sampel penelitian ini. Kesimpulannya, kehamilan tidak boleh dibiarkan melebihi usia 42 minggu, dan induksi persalinan harus dipertimbangkan sebelum mencapai usia kehamilan tersebut guna meminimalkan risiko bahaya pada janin.Kata kunci: Kehamilan Lewat Bulan, Neonatus, Aspirasi Mekonium, NICU, Sesar Darurat.AbstractPost-term pregnancy is strongly associated with an increased risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality. This descriptive study aimed to evaluate neonatal outcomes among post-term pregnancies (>40 weeks). The study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shahida Islam Teaching Hospital, Lodhran, from September 2020 to February 2021. A total of 100 pregnant women meeting inclusion criteria were enrolled. Patients with medical comorbidities, pregnancy complications, or intrauterine fetal demise were excluded. Data were processed using SPSS 20.0. Results showed that most patients were aged 20–25 years (39%) and were multigravida (60%). The emergency Cesarean section rate was notably high at 65%. Admission to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) was required for 64% of newborns. Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS) was the most frequent complication (67%), followed by birth asphyxia (55%) and Respiratory Distress Syndrome (49%). No fetal deaths were recorded. In conclusion, pregnancies should not be allowed to proceed beyond 42 weeks, and labor induction should be offered prior to 42 weeks to avoid adverse neonatal outcomes.Keywords: Post-Term Pregnancy, Newborn Outcome, Meconium Aspiration, NICU, Emergency C-Section.