Evaluation of Clinicopathological and Radiological Parameters in Predicting the Difficulty of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Background

Difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy carries prolonged operative time, conversion, and morbidity; preoperative identification of high-risk patients aids planning and counselling. Aims/Objectives: To determine the clinical, pathological, and radiological parameters that predict difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy and to identify independent predictors. Methodology: This prospective observational study enrolled 100 patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic cholelithiasis. Preoperative clinical, biochemical, and ultrasonographic parameters were recorded and correlated with an operationally defined difficult procedure. Associations were assessed using the chi-square test, Fisher exact test, and independent t-test, followed by multivariable logistic regression.