Prognostic Biomarkers of Pre-Eclampsia in Pregnant Women

Summary. According to various authors, the incidence of preeclampsia (PE) inpregnant women in our country ranges from 8 to 20% and does not tend todecrease. It has been shown that the pathogenesis of preeclampsia fits into thesystemic inflammatory response syndrome with disturbances in the immune systemand an imbalance in cytokine regulation. The aim of the study was to study proinflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-10) cytokines inwomen with preeclampsia of varying severity. Material and methods. We examined76 pregnant women with PE aged from 24 to 36 years at a gestation period of 28–38 weeks. Of these, 42 developed PE (main group), and 34 women had no symptomsof PE (comparison group). 28 women with a physiological pregnancy formed thecontrol group. The levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8,IL-4 and IL-10) in blood serum were studied by ELISA. Results. In pregnant womenwith PE upon admission to the hospital, the blood serum levels of IL-1β increasedby 1.3 times (p < 0.05), IL-8 by 7 times (p < 0.001) and a decrease in the level of IL4 by 2 times (p < 0.001). And in pregnant women without signs of PE, these changesin cytokine synthesis were less pronounced (p < 0.01). Conclusion. Maintaining adynamic balance in the cytokine system plays an important role for the normaldevelopment of pregnancy. Th2-type cytokines promote normal trophoblastdifferentiation and its full invasion and, therefore, mediate the prolongation ofphysiological pregnancy. Switching to the synthesis of Th1-type cytokines and theirenhanced production leads to disruption of trophoblast differentiation and invasionwith the development of pregnancy pathology.