International Bulletin of Applied Sciences and Technology
The relationship between first-trimester vaginal bleeding, fetal growth restriction, and adverse perinatal outcomes
By Shukurkhujaeva Dilfuzakhon Norkhuja kizi.
Abstract
Background
First-trimester vaginal bleeding is a common obstetric complication frequently associated with subchorionic hematoma (SCH). Although many affected pregnancies progress normally, early bleeding may reflect underlying placental dysfunction and has been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes, including fetal growth restriction (FGR). Evidence regarding this association remains inconsistent across studies.
Objective
To evaluate maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcomes in women with first-trimester vaginal bleeding, with particular emphasis on fetal growth restriction.
Methods
We conducted this retrospective observational cohort study at the 6th Interdistrict Perinatal Centre, Tashkent, affiliated with Tashkent State Medical University, between March and December 2025. Medical records of 407 singleton pregnancies were reviewed, including 57 women with first-trimester vaginal bleeding and 350 controls without bleeding. We collected data on maternal characteristics, SCH localisation, medication use, and pregnancy outcomes. Outcomes assessed included early pregnancy loss, fetal growth restriction, preterm birth, preeclampsia, placental abruption, gestational diabetes mellitus, intrauterine fetal death, and mode of delivery.