Ganancia de peso gestacional y resultados perinatales: revisión de la literatura

Gestational weight gain (GWG) is a modifiable determinant of maternal and perinatal outcomes. The study therefore aimed to analyse the association between GWG and perinatal outcomes based on recent scientific literature. A descriptive literature review was conducted, with a sample of 17 studies from 2021 to 2026. Only one third of pregnant women achieve adequate GWG; excessive gain is associated with hypertensive disorders, caesarean delivery, macrosomia and large-for-gestational-age newborns, and insufficient gain with preterm birth, low birth weight and small-for-gestational-age newborns, with effects modified by pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational diabetes. It was concluded that prenatal care should individualise nutritional follow-up.