Frontiers in neurology
Targeted muscle reinnervation after traumatic or elective upper-extremity amputation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
By Meng FL, Li JL, Xue X and 5 others.
Abstract
Objective
To systematically evaluate functional recovery and prosthetic control following targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) or TMR-based reconstruction in patients with upper extremity amputation or severe brachial plexus injury.
Methods
PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies reporting standardized functional outcomes before and after TMR. Two reviewers independently performed study selection, data extraction, and methodological quality assessment using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS). Because most studies did not report the standard deviation of paired changes or within-participant correlations, preoperative and postoperative summary data were synthesized using mean differences (MDs) or standardized mean differences (SMDs) as exploratory estimates. Potentially overlapping cohorts were identified by comparing study centers, recruitment periods, authorship, and participant characteristics.