Anticancer research
Cranial and Spinal Epithelioid Hemangioma: Systematic Review and Illustrative Calvarial Case
By Scalia G, Ferini G, Galvano G and 4 others.
Abstract
Background/aim
Cranial and neuraxial epithelioid hemangioma (EH) is exceptionally rare and anatomically heterogeneous. We systematically reviewed reported cerebral, cranial osseous, primary non-osseous spinal epidural, and vertebral-origin EH with clinically relevant neuraxial extension and present an illustrative hypervascular calvarial case.
Materials and methods
Electronic searches of MEDLINE via PubMed were supplemented by Google Scholar, Crossref, Semantic Scholar, publisher archives, conference/supplement searches, and backward and forward citation tracking through 19 August 2026. Histologically confirmed EH involving brain parenchyma, cranial bone with relevant intracranial or craniovertebral extension, primary non-osseous spinal epidural space, or vertebral bone with secondary intraspinal/foraminal extension was eligible.