Genetics, Molecular Mechanisms, and Prevention of Rubber Tree (Hevea brasiliensis) Anthracnose in China

Rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) anthracnose, caused by multiple species within the genus Colletotrichum, is a globally significant disease that seriously threatens the sustainable development of the natural rubber industry in China. Characteristic symptoms, including foliar necrosis, defoliation, and shoot blight, culminate in significant economic losses for producers. This review systematically summarizes the epidemiological patterns and damage, pathogen genetic diversity, the molecular pathological mechanisms underlying Colletotrichum-rubber tree interactions, and chemical and biological control strategies. Furthermore, an integrated disease management (IDM) framework is proposed, and key directions for future research are outlined to provide a theoretical foundation for the scientific prevention and control of rubber tree anthracnose in China.