Urinary Bisphenol A Levels Are Associated with Vascular Injury in Mexican Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of death worldwide and is associated with standard modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (SMuRFs); however, additional factors may contribute to its development. Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine-disrupting chemical has been associated with cardiovascular alterations. We investigated BPA's possible association with classic risk factors and vascular injury biomarkers in Mexican patients with CAD. Adult patients underwent quantitative coronary angiography and SYNTAX score assessment and were classified as having obstructive (OD) or non-obstructive (NOD) disease. SMuRFs, lipid profile, VCAM-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, and uBPA were determined. Data were analyzed using correlation analysis, Welch's t-test, ANOVA, and adjusted multiple linear regression. Eighty-nine patients aged 30-85 years were evaluated. OD patients had higher uBPA levels (3.46 ± 2.04 ng/mL) than NOD patients (1.25 ± 1.08 ng/mL), and uBPA levels differed according to the number of diseased arteries and diseased artery segments. uBPA was positively associated with MMP-2, MMP-9, SYNTAX score, percentage of stenosis, number of diseased arteries, diseased artery segments, and SMuRFs, and negatively associated with HDLc. SYNTAX score was associated with MMP-2, MMP-9, VCAM-1 and low HDLc levels. Our findings support uBPA levels are associated with vascular injury in Mexican patients with coronary artery disease.