Dimension-Specific Childhood Maltreatment and Cross-Sectional Markers of Illness Burden in Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Retrospective Single-Center Study

Background/Objectives: We examined global and dimension-specific childhood maltreatment in relation to cross-sectional illness burden in treatment-resistant depression (TRD).

Methods

This retrospective, single-center, case-only study included 104 records from November 2025 to June 2026. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) was completed during TRD assessment. Primary outcomes were elapsed ongoing major depressive episode (MDE) duration and retrospectively reconstructed lifetime failed antidepressant-trial count; illness duration and previous MDEs were secondary. Models adjusted for age, sex, and extraction block; false discovery rate (FDR) correction covered 28 tests.