Sinus Floor Elevation Magnitude and Longitudinal Peri-Implant Marginal Bone Change over a Minimum Five-Year Follow-Up: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Background/Objectives: The magnitude of maxillary sinus floor elevation may reflect site anatomy and surgical complexity, but its association with peri-implant marginal bone change remains unclear. This study evaluated whether elevation magnitude was associated with longitudinal peri-implant marginal bone-level change over a minimum 5-year follow-up, distinguishing immediate postoperative differences from subsequent change.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included 248 patients with 528 posterior maxillary Dentium SuperLine bone-level implants placed concomitantly with sinus floor elevation. Paired cone-beam computed tomography measurements were available for 522 implants from 247 patients. Elevation magnitude was modeled per 1-mm increment. The primary analysis used a longitudinal mixed-effects model with the time × elevation interaction as the main inferential term. Secondary generalized estimating equation models evaluated baseline and minimum 5-year marginal bone levels after covariate adjustment.