Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences
Investigation of the Effect of Calcitriol on Radiofrequency Radiation-Exposed Breast Cancer Cell Lines
By Miser Salihoğlu E, Elçi MP, Fatsa T and 3 others.
Abstract
Objectives
Radiofrequency (RF) fields have been classified as probable human carcinogens and nonthermal. RF radiation can increase oxidative stress and inflammation in tissues. Vitamin D has been studied for many years for its anti-cancer properties and its ability to suppress cancer cell growth. In this study, we aimed to examine the effects of RF exposure on cell viability, free radical formation, and inflammation, as well as the therapeutic effect of vitamin D against such effects. MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were exposed to 2.1-GHz W-CDMA-modulated RF radiation.
Materials and methods
The MTT was used for cell viability, and the FITC-conjugated annexin-V/PI was applied for apoptosis. The vitamin D receptor (VDR), NF-κB, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and p53 gene expression levels were studied using real-time PCR. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) analysis was performed using flow cytometry.