Vaccines
From Effectiveness to Embedding: Developing the Preliminary Mobile Vaccination Embedding Framework for Sub-Saharan African Health Systems
By Ngangue P, Barro A, Kiki GM and 1 others.
Abstract
Background/objectives
Mobile phone-based vaccination interventions, including SMS reminders, voice calls and tracking applications, have repeatedly shown effectiveness in controlled settings across sub-Saharan Africa. Many nevertheless stop operating once project funding ends and do not become part of the routine health systems they were intended to strengthen. This study aimed to develop a preliminary evidence-informed conceptual framework explaining the multilevel conditions required to embed mobile vaccination interventions within routine immunization systems in sub-Saharan Africa.
Methods
A systematic evidence synthesis was undertaken to inform framework development. Six scientific databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, Epistemonikos, Web of Science and Global Health) were searched for studies published between January 2014 and April 2024. Selection followed the PRISMA 2020 statement, methodological quality was appraised with the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT, 2018 version), and implementation conditions were synthesized thematically through an iterative framework-development process.