Biosensors
Ultrasonographic and Electromyographic Evaluation of the Effects of Deep Versus Superficial Dry Needling on Myofascial Trigger Points in Patients with Neck Pain: A Triple-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial
By Alhakami AM, Algazwi DAR, Al-Awjami MH and 2 others.
Abstract
Background
The physiological differences between deep dry needling (DDN) and superficial dry needling (SDN) for myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) remain unclear. This randomized clinical trial compared the impact of DDN and SDN on ultrasonographic, surface electromyographic (sEMG), and clinical outcomes in patients with non-specific neck pain and upper trapezius MTrPs.
Methods
Forty-four participants were randomly allocated to DDN (50 mm) or SDN (13 mm), with 22 participants in each group. Participants received four treatment sessions over 2 weeks. Ultrasonographic outcomes included upper trapezius stiffness, thickness, and blood-flow parameters. sEMG outcomes included maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), root mean square (RMS), and median frequency (MDF). Pain intensity was measured using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and disability using the Neck Disability Index (NDI). Outcomes were assessed at baseline, following 2 weeks of intervention, and during the 6-week follow-up.