Tobacco induced diseases
Causal association between tobacco use, fibroblast growth factors, and pulmonary fibrosis: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study
By Yu R, Han X, Wang M and 1 others.
Abstract
Introduction
Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for pulmonary fibrosis, but its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) have been implicated in pulmonary fibrosis, yet their role in smoking-induced pulmonary fibrosis remains unclear. This study employed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causal relationships among FGFs, smoking, and pulmonary fibrosis.
Methods
FGFs, smoking behavior, and pulmonary fibrosis data were collected from the IEU Open GWAS Project and the GWAS Catalog. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms were used for instrumental variable selection. Inverse-variance weighted (IVW) was the primary MR method, supplemented by Weighted mode, Weighted median, and MR-Egger regression. Sensitivity analyses included MR-PRESSO, MR-Egger, Cochran's Q, and leave-one-out.