Q-rung orthopair fuzzy framework for multimodal MRI image fusion and U-Net-based segmentation for brain tumor detection

Introduction

Medical image analysis is a significant research domain in contemporary healthcare systems, which helps to accurately diagnose diseases and support clinical decision-making. This domain consists of important operations, including image enhancement, fusion, segmentation, morphological processing, and denoising, which assist in the effective understanding of complex biomedical information. Multimodal image fusion and segmentation are particularly important among these processes, as they enable the integration of complementary diagnostic information and the clear interpretation of clinically meaningful structures. However, medical images often consist of uncertainty, noise, and incomplete pixel information, creating major challenges for conventional analytical techniques.