Journal of medical Internet research
The Impact of Telemedicine Interventions on Maternal and Fetal Outcomes in Women With Gestational Diabetes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
By He H, Deng J, Liu J and 5 others.
Abstract
Background
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has a rising global prevalence and brings short-term and long-term adverse risks for mothers and fetuses. Conventional in-person GDM care is limited by time and geographic barriers, often resulting in suboptimal compliance and delayed individualized interventions. Telemedicine is increasingly applied in GDM management; however, randomized controlled trial (RCT) evidence remains inconsistent.
Objective
The study aims to pool data from RCTs to quantify the effects of telemedicine on glycemic control and pregnancy-related outcomes in women with GDM and to inform optimized clinical management.
Methods
We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus up to August 16, 2026. Two reviewers independently performed study screening and data extraction. Risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2. Meta-analyses were conducted in Stata 18.0. For heterogeneous outcomes, 95% prediction intervals (PIs) were calculated to estimate effect ranges for future studies. Heterogeneity was explored via leave-one-out sensitivity, meta-regression, and subgroup analyses. The GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) framework rated evidence certainty. Publication bias was evaluated for outcomes reported in ≥10 studies.