PloS one
Cross-cultural adaptation, validation, and measurement invariance of the First Aid Willingness Questionnaire (FAWQ) among Turkish adolescents
By Özbey H, Çalışır Ö, Bayat M and 2 others.
Abstract
Background
This study translated, culturally adapted, and evaluated the First Aid Willingness Questionnaire for Schoolchildren to assess adolescents' self-reported readiness to help and potential barriers to first-aid provision.
Methods
This cross-sectional psychometric study included 470 high school students in Aksaray, Türkiye. The questionnaire underwent forward-backward translation, review by 12 experts, and pilot testing with 35 students. Exploratory factor analysis derived the structure, which was subsequently evaluated via ordinal confirmatory factor analysis in the same sample. Content and construct validity, internal consistency, and measurement invariance across gender, grade level, and perceived family income were assessed.