International journal of women's health
Global, Regional, and National Burden of Early-Onset Breast Cancer in Women, 1990-2021: GBD 2021 Analysis of Trends, Modifiable Risk Factors, and Health Inequalities
By Zhou X, Zhong X, Liu M and 5 others.
Abstract
Background
Early-onset breast cancer (EOBC) affects women aged 15-44 years during reproductive and economically active life stages. We quantified global, regional, and national EOBC burden from 1990 to 2021, including temporal inflection points, modifiable risks, and health inequalities.
Methods
Using Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 estimates for 204 countries and territories, we analyzed incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) among women aged 15-44 years as age-standardized rates. Joinpoint regression estimated annual and average percent changes (APCs, AAPCs); population attributable fractions (PAFs) and the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) characterized risk-factor burden and inequalities.