Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics
Neurophysiological differentiation of children with ADHD alone and ADHD comorbid with dyslexia: a P600-like component analysis
By Huang YH, Huang KD, Zhan LF and 7 others.
Abstract
Objectives
To investigate the clinical value of the latency of the P600-like event-related potential component during a spatial N-back task as a neurophysiological indicator for differentiating children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) alone from those with ADHD comorbid with developmental dyslexia (DD).
Methods
In this prospective study, 66 ADHD children aged 6-10 years were enrolled from the Department of Child Health Care, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University between June and September 2025, including 28 with ADHD alone and 38 with ADHD+DD. An additional 20 healthy children were included solely as a visual reference for electroencephalogram (EEG) topographic mapping. Behavioral symptoms were assessed using the SNAP-IV, the Childhood Executive Functioning Inventory, the Conners Child Behavior Scale, and the Dyslexia Checklist for Chinese Children. EEG was recorded during a spatial N-back task, and the P600-like component was extracted from Fz, Cz, and Pz electrodes. A linear mixed model was applied to analyze the interactions among group, electrode site, and task load. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate discriminative performance, and 5-fold cross-validation was conducted to reduce overfitting risk.