Clinical predictors of type II endoleaks after EVAR: a systematic review of risk and protective factors

Introduction: The present systematic review seeks to examine clinical factors potentially associated with endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) failure due to type II endoleaks (TIIEL).

Source of data: Relevant literature was sourced from PubMed, including all studies regarding clinical features possibly linked to TIIEL, written in English. Studies focused on anatomical predictors, case reports, and abstracts were excluded. The literature search used keywords related to clinical characteristics, comorbidities, and demographics common in EVAR patients.

Areas of agreement: EVAR is the preferred treatment for abdominal aortic aneurysms in eligible patients. The most common complication is endoleak (persistent filling of the sac). TIIEL is caused by retrograde blood flow from aortic side branches and is the most frequent complication, occurring in 16%-50% of cases.

Areas of controversy: Many studies have explored anatomical predictors of TIIEL, but limited research is available on clinical factors that may contribute to its occurrence.