Journal of experimental orthopaedics
Patients with cyclops syndrome exhibit elevated synovial fluid interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels and disorganized collagen remodelling within the lesion: A histological and molecular study
By Morici L, Tscholl PM, Skau EL and 4 others.
Abstract
Purpose
Cyclops syndrome is a clinically relevant complication of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction characterized by the formation of a fibrotic nodule (cyclops lesion) that causes extension loss and often requires a revision surgery. Biological mechanisms underlying lesion formation remain poorly understood. The purpose of this study is to characterize the tissue architecture, cellular composition, inflammatory profile and single-cell cytokine secretion patterns of patient-derived biopsies to gain mechanistic insight into disease pathogenesis.
Methods
This prospective observational comparative study included three patient groups: patients undergoing revision surgery for cyclops syndrome (n = 10), patients undergoing primary ACL reconstruction with subsequent successful recovery (n = 10) and patients undergoing revision surgery for ACL graft re-rupture (n = 2). Tissue biopsies and synovial fluid samples were collected intraoperatively and used for histological, cellular and cytokine analyses.