International journal of nanomedicine
Sialic Acid-Targeting Lectin-Conjugated Oxygen Nanosomes Alleviate Hypoxia and Promote Macrophage Activation in Pancreatic Cancer Cells
By Jang Y, Yang J, Kim J and 5 others.
Abstract
Introduction
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by severe hypoxia and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, which contribute to poor therapeutic responses. This study developed sialic acid-targeting Lectin-conjugated oxygen nanosomes (Lectin-ONs) to combine targeted oxygen delivery with hypoxia alleviation and macrophage activation.
Methods
SNA- and MALII-conjugated oxygen nanosomes (SNA-ONs and MALII-ONs) were prepared and characterized for physicochemical properties, oxygen-loading and release behavior, stability, cytocompatibility, and cellular binding. Their effects on hypoxia and macrophage activation were evaluated in pancreatic cancer cell models and macrophage-pancreatic cancer cell co-culture using hypoxia-sensitive fluorescence and TNF-α secretion, respectively.