Impact of metformin use on neurocognitive functions in older people: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Metformin is a widely prescribed drug for managing diabetes mellitus. Recent studies have investigated its potential effects on cognitive function in adults aged 60 years and older, a population that is steadily increasing and often exhibits cognitive impairments associated with aging and other chronic conditions.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of metformin use on cognitive functions in older adults through a meta-analysis.

Methods

A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, utilizing the Embase, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024624045).

Results

Thirteen articles met the eligibility criteria for inclusion in this systematic review, of which five provided sufficient data for the meta-analysis. The findings indicate that metformin has a small but positive effect on overall cognitive function in older adults. Additionally, the meta-analysis demonstrated low heterogeneity (49.6%) and a low risk of bias (p>0.05).