Journal of tropical medicine
Tuberculosis Incidence and Predictors Among People Living With HIV After Isoniazid-Rifapentine (3HP) Preventive Therapy in Ethiopia: A Retrospective Cohort Study
By Etu ES, Kallo EW, Lenbo KH and 6 others.
Abstract
Background
Global reports of tuberculosis (TB) in 2024 estimated 10.7 million cases, of which 5.8% were HIV-positive individuals. Despite the implementation of TB preventive therapy, TB incidence rates remain high, especially among HIV-infected patients.
Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted from 1 October 2020 to 31 October 2025. A two-stage sampling procedure was used to select both health facilities and study participants. First, seven public health facilities in the West Arsi zone were selected using simple random sampling. Second, 426 people living with HIV were randomly selected from ART registers of the selected health facilities. The data were collected via the Kobo Toolbox and analysed via SPSS Version 26. Kaplan‒Meier estimates were used for time‒event distribution; for survival, curves were compared via log-rank tests. Risk factors for active TB were identified through Cox proportional hazards regression, with significance at p < 0.05.