BioMed research international
Modulation of Inflammatory and Redox Responses by Saturnia Spa Water and Mud Extract in Human Skin Cell Models
By Costantini E, Pellacani G, Shahzadi C and 6 others.
Abstract
Background
Thermal waters and peloid-derived products have long been used in dermatological and spa treatments, although the cellular mechanisms underlying their biological effects remain incompletely characterized. This study investigated the effects of Saturnia spa water (TW) and an aqueous mud extract (MUD) on inflammatory, redox, and wound-healing responses in human skin cell models.
Methods
Human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) and keratinocytes (HaCaT) were exposed to different concentrations of MUD and TW to assess cell viability by MTT assay. Based on the viability results, 5% MUD and TW were selected for subsequent experiments. TNF-α-stimulated cells were used to investigate inflammatory and oxidative responses by evaluating IL-1β and IL-6 production, inflammatory and cytoprotective gene expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and glutathione (GSH) levels. A scratch assay was performed to evaluate the effects of the treatments on cell migration and wound repair.