Modern Approaches To The Diagnosis And Comprehensive Treatment Of Multiple Sclerosis: Clinical And Neuroimmunological Aspects

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system characterized by inflammatory lesions, neuroaxonal damage, and progressive neurological dysfunction. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential for preventing relapses and reducing long-term disability. This article examines modern approaches to the diagnosis and comprehensive management of multiple sclerosis, focusing on clinical manifestations, magnetic resonance imaging, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, and disease-modifying therapies. A narrative analysis of published clinical studies and international recommendations was conducted. The findings demonstrate that the integration of neurological examination, advanced neuroimaging, and immunological biomarkers improves diagnostic accuracy, while individualized disease-modifying treatment helps reduce inflammatory disease activity and delay disability progression. Comprehensive rehabilitation and regular neurological monitoring remain important components of long-term patient management.