Early Post-Extubation Physiotherapy after Cardiac Surgery: A Scoping Review of Timing, Safety, and Clinical Outcomes

This scoping review aims to map and synthesize the available evidence on early post-extubation physiotherapy and mobilization in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The review will examine the timing and characteristics of physiotherapy interventions, reported safety considerations, respiratory and functional outcomes, and postoperative clinical outcomes. The findings will identify current practices, variations in intervention timing and delivery, and gaps in the evidence to inform clinical practice and future research. The review will be reported in accordance with PRISMA-ScR guidance.