Prevalence of Tuberculosis Among HIV Patients Treated at Public Health Facilities

This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of tuberculosis among HIV patients treated in public health units through a systematic literature review. The research was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, involving searches in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases for the 2021–2026 period. This process identified 446 initial records, and—following screening by title, abstract, and full text—25 studies meeting the established criteria were included. Results showed a coinfection prevalence ranging from 4.6% to 57.3%, depending on the context; a CD4 lymphocyte count below 200 cells/mm³ emerged as the most consistent clinical predictor and the most frequently used laboratory marker for monitoring. Meanwhile, treatment discontinuation, poverty, overcrowding, and social stigma were identified as the most significant cross-cutting risk factors, alongside infectious comorbidities and associated mental disorders; evidence from Ecuador proved to be scarcer and more fragmented than that from other regions. It is concluded that TB-HIV coinfection remains a persistent public health issue with a magnitude that varies according to geographic and socioeconomic contexts; therefore, strengthening immunological screening, treatment adherence, the integration of diagnostic services, and the generation of local evidence in Ecuador is essential to narrowing the gap relative to international standards.