Scholastic: Journal of Natural and Medical Education
Neonatal Anemia Etiology Pathophysiology Diagnosis Prevention
By Khursanoy Djurayeva Zakirovna and Gavhar Nuritdinova Toipovna.
Abstract
Background
Neonatal anemia is a common hematological condition, particularly among preterm and very-low-birth-weight infants. It may result from blood loss, impaired erythropoiesis, hemolysis, iron deficiency, prematurity, and repeated iatrogenic blood sampling. Early recognition and appropriate management are essential because severe anemia may compromise tissue oxygen delivery and adversely affect neonatal outcomes.
Objective
This review summarizes the current understanding of the etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, prevention, and management of neonatal anemia, with particular emphasis on anemia of prematurity and contemporary transfusion strategies.
Methods
Recent scientific literature, clinical studies, systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, and international clinical guidelines concerning neonatal anemia were reviewed, with emphasis on evidence published during 2020–2026.