Decompensated Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis in the Context of Pregnancy and Atrial Fibrillation: A Case Report

We report a case of a 36-year-old Indian origin woman who presented with heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF).She was found to be pregnant on admission, which she was unaware of, and further biochemical testing confirmed that she had a miscarriage.Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) revealed severe rheumatic mitral stenosis (MS), and transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) demonstrated a left atrial appendage (LAA) thrombus.This case highlights the importance of echocardiography in diagnosing rheumatic heart disease (RHD) and in identifying complications.Furthermore, it demonstrates the challenges of managing decompensated MS in the context of pregnancy and AF.