Saudi Journal of Medicine and Public Health
Management of Thyroid Emergencies: Clinical Assessment, Diagnosis, and Evidence-Based Treatment Protocols-An Updated Review
By Ahmed Ali M Abu Shaeqa, Ali Ahmed Ali Bahri, Omar Mohammed Ali Zain Aldin and 6 others.
Abstract
Background
Thyroid storm is a rare, life-threatening endocrine emergency characterized by severe thyrotoxicosis accompanied by multiorgan dysfunction. Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, it remains associated with substantial mortality, particularly when recognition and intervention are delayed.
Aim
This review aims to summarize the clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, precipitating factors, and evidence-based management strategies for thyroid storm, emphasizing early recognition and prevention of complications.
Methods
A narrative review of clinical and scientific literature was conducted to examine epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, supportive measures, pharmacological interventions, and advanced treatment options for thyroid storm. Attention was given to the Burch–Wartofsky Point Scale (BWPS), Japanese Thyroid Association/Japan Endocrine Society criteria, and contemporary intensive care management.