A research study on minimizing neurological injury during cardiac surgery: Contemporary intraoperative strategies and clinical evidence

Background

Neurological problems after heart surgery are a cause of problems during and after the operation. These issues can lead to death long-term disability and badly affects brain function. Many patients who have bypass experience brain-related problems. These problems range from strokes to confusion after surgery and subtle memory or thinking issues that may not be obvious right away. Up to half of all patients may be affected. The causes are very complicated. Involve several factors. One cause is the movement of clots or debris into the brain during the surgery especially when the aorta is clamped and tubes are placed. Another is reduced blood flow to the brain because the brain’s ability to control blood pressure fails. There is also a reaction in the body caused by the blood coming into contact with the machine. Finally, damage happens when blood flow returns to the brain, after a period of supply. This is called ischemia-reperfusion injury.