Experiências adversas e risco de esclerose múltipla: o que nos diz a literatura?

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, marked by the destruction of myelin. Its etiology remains uncertain, although genetic and environmental factors, as well as adverse experiences, appear to influence susceptibility and disease progression. This study aimed to explore the relationship between violence, physical and emotional trauma, and susceptibility to developing multiple sclerosis. A narrative review was conducted based on a PubMed database search, with no restrictions on language or time period, including relevant original studies on traumatic factors and multiple sclerosis risk. Several studies indicate that adverse childhood experiences, such as emotional abuse and neglect, are associated with increased immunological vulnerability and a higher risk of multiple sclerosis. However, most studies do not demonstrate a direct causal relationship between physical trauma and the development of the disease, highlighting methodological limitations and heterogeneity in the data. The relationship between violence, traumatic experiences, and multiple sclerosis is complex. Current evidence suggests an associationparticularly with early emotional traumabut does not establish causality. More robust studies are needed to clarify the influence of these external factors on the pathogenesis and progression of the disease.