Penilaian Dampak Aktivitas Luar Ruangan terhadap Tajam Penglihatan Anak Sekolah Dasar (SD) di Kota Manado

This study investigates the correlation between outdoor activity parameters and visual acuity among primary school children in Manado, Indonesia. Elevated screen time and reduced exposure to natural sunlight in modern lifestyles have contributed to a global rise in pediatric visual impairment. A cross-sectional analytic observational study was conducted involving 77 students from SD Kartika XXI-3 and SD Bhayangkari Manado. Data were collected using a validated physical activity questionnaire alongside objective visual acuity measurements performed with a standardized Snellen Chart. Bivariate statistical analysis revealed a significant association between daily outdoor activity duration and visual acuity status in both the right eye (VOD, p < 0.001) and the left eye (VOS, p < 0.001). Children spending less than two hours daily outdoors exhibited a substantially higher proportion of visual impairment (60.9% for VOD and 56.5% for VOS) compared to those with over two hours of exposure (0% for VOD and 6.7% for VOS). Weekly frequency of outdoor activity also demonstrated a significant correlation with VOD (p = 0.006). These findings imply that adequate daily sunlight exposure plays a crucial protective role in maintaining optimal pediatric visual function. Consequently, implementing school-based policies that promote daily outdoor physical activities is strongly recommended as a cost-effective preventive measure against early visual decline.