Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy for Nervous System Diseases: Quality of Life, Safety, and Life Expectancy (Part 1 – Multiple Sclerosis)

This article examines current aspects of multiple sclerosis as a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system associated with diverse neurological impairments that may lead to persistent disability and a reduced quality of life. Current approaches to early diagnosis are analyzed, including magnetic resonance imaging, clinical assessment, and the McDonald diagnostic criteria, together with the classification of demyelinating diseases according to the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision. Data on the prevalence of multiple sclerosis worldwide and in Ukraine, its main clinical manifestations, risk factors, immunopathogenetic mechanisms, and current approaches to pharmacotherapy are summarized. Particular attention is paid to the importance of timely medical consultation, interdisciplinary collaboration among healthcare professionals, physical therapy, and occupational therapy in restoring and maintaining patients’ functional abilities. The prospects for using digital technologies and artificial intelligence to monitor patients’ condition and improve rehabilitation interventions are considered. The importance of a comprehensive approach to the care of people with multiple sclerosis is emphasized, with a focus on maintaining functional independence, improving quality of life, and reducing the risk of disability progression.