Oligomenorrhea and amenorrhea in polycystic ovary syndrome: A retrospective analysis of clinical-metabolic phenotypes

Background. Menstrual dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) may be associated with metabolic and hormonal abnormalities. Comparing the clinical phenotypes of oligomenorrhea and amenorrhea may help characterize metabolic differences of practical relevance. Objective. To compare clinical, metabolic, and hormonal parameters in women with PCOS presenting with oligomenorrhea and amenorrhea. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis included 79 women diagnosed with PCOS. Oligomenorrhea was recorded in 44 patients and amenorrhea in 34 patients. Age, body mass index (BMI), fasting glucose, insulin, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, FSH, LH, prolactin, total testosterone, and the LH/FSH ratio were assessed. Results. No statistically significant differences were found between the oligomenorrhea and amenorrhea groups in BMI, glucose, insulin, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, FSH, LH, or prolactin. The LH/FSH ratio was 2.29 (1.74–2.98) in the oligomenorrhea group and 1.96 (1.58–2.75) in the amenorrhea group (p=0.302). The proportions of patients with HOMA-IR ≥2.5 were 54.5% and 50.0%, respectively (p=0.820). Conclusion. In women with PCOS, oligomenorrhea and amenorrhea did not differ significantly with respect to the main metabolic and hormonal parameters. The LH/FSH ratio may be assessed as an additional hormonal marker.