A multivariable prediction model and an integrated perioperative algorithm for cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury in young children

Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CS-AKI) develops in up to 40–60% of young children after repair of congenital heart disease (CHD) and significantly worsens the early postoperative course. Its development is preceded by an accumulation of preoperative, intraoperative and early postoperative risk factors, so it can be regarded as a predictable and partly modifiable process. Nevertheless, no single tool combines surgical risk, perfusion parameters, haemodynamics and early biomarkers to guide individualised prevention and treatment [1–4].