Design and synthesis of quinoline analogues for HIV-1 integrase inhibition to overcome resistance and toxicity

The ongoing battle against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has led to significant advancements in antiretroviral therapies, particularly in the development of drugs targeting HIV-1 integrase (IN), an essential enzyme responsible for integrating viral DNA into the host genome. HIV-1 integrase inhibitors (INIs) have shown substantial promise as a therapeutic option, but the emergence of drug resistance and toxicity concerns have significantly hampered their long-term efficacy. This has prompted researchers to explore alternative strategies for designing and synthesizing novel quinoline analogues as potent HIV-1 integrase inhibitors, aimed at overcoming resistance mechanisms and minimizing toxicity.