The Role of Physiotherapy in Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Comprehensive Clinical & Theoretical Review Executive Summary & Introduction

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are the leading cause of global physical disability, affecting bones, joints, muscles, and connective tissues. While historical management relied heavily on passive or pharmacological interventions, modern physical therapy provides a non-invasive, evidence-based approach focused on functional restoration and pain modulation. Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs)—including conditions such as low back pain, osteoarthritis, tendinopathies, and traumatic soft tissue injuries—are the leading contributor to physical disability worldwide. Physiotherapy plays a central, evidence-based role in managing MSDs by shifting treatment away from passive or pharmacological reliance toward active functional rehabilitation. By integrating mechanical load, neuromuscular retraining, neurophysiological pain modulation, and targeted patient education, physical therapy aims to restore movement, promote tissue healing, relieve pain, and prevent long-term disability.