Individualized surgical treatment of pathological communication between the oral cavity and the maxillary sinus

Communication between the oral cavity and the maxillary sinus most often occurs after extraction of upper posterior teeth, and also after implant placement, sinus lift, and cyst surgery [1, 2]. If it is not closed in time, oral bacteria enter the sinus, odontogenic sinusitis develops, and the communication turns into a persistent fistula that does not heal on its own [2]. Several closure techniques are in use, but the choice between them often depends on the surgeon's experience rather than on clear criteria [2]. This leads to recurrence, loss of vestibular depth, and problems with later prosthetic rehabilitation. Therefore, an individualized approach to treatment is highly relevant.