Evidencia científica sobre ejercicio físico prenatal y prevención de complicaciones obstétricas maternas

Physical activity during pregnancy is recommended for all pregnant women without contraindications, but it decreases as pregnancy progresses. The study therefore aimed to analyse the available scientific evidence on prenatal physical exercise and its effect on preventing maternal obstetric complications. A narrative literature review of publications from 2020 to 2025 in Spanish, English and Portuguese was conducted, with a sample of 17 studies. Moderate-intensity exercise is associated with lower risk of gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders and caesarean delivery, better blood pressure regulation and less low back pain, without an increase in adverse neonatal outcomes; aquatic exercise and Pilates are well tolerated. It was concluded that supervised prenatal exercise is a safe and effective intervention.