Citología líquida frente a citología convencional en la detección de lesiones precursoras cervicales

Cervical cancer caused about 342,000 deaths in 2020, and conventional cytology has technical limitations. The study therefore aimed to compare the diagnostic efficacy of liquid-based cytology and conventional cytology in the early detection of cervical cancer precursor lesions. A systematic review guided by PRISMA 2020 was conducted in PubMed and SciELO from 2022 to 2026, with a sample of 15 studies. Liquid-based cytology reduces unsatisfactory samples, decreases interobserver variability and allows human papillomavirus testing from the same sample, whereas randomised trials showed no greater sensitivity for high-grade lesions. It was concluded that its advantage is operational and that its adoption depends on cost and the screening model.